Bedrock or "Artesian" vs. Shallow Wells
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Shallow Wells rely on water that travels through spaces in loose sands and gravels. Because they are not very deep, they may be fitted with either surface mounted or submersible pumps and motors. Installation methods include driving a well point, wash and drive methods, or by auger. With this type of well, the depth to the water table and the type of soil encountered will determine how much water, if any, can be pumped from the ground.
Artesian Wells are generally deeper and fitted with submersible pumps and motors. With this type of well, a drilling rig is used to bore through the soil and rocks and into bedrock that exists beneath your property. Steel casing and drive-shoe are then installed into the surface of the bedrock to provide a watertight seal and prevent soil, rocks and dirty water from entering the borehole. Drilling into the bedrock resumes without casing until the borehole intersects with fractures that exist naturally in the bedrock. This factor determines how much water, if any, can be pumped from the ground.
For additional information: Well Planning Guide (.pdf file)
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